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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024In observational studies, the relationship between coffee intake and bone mineral density (BMD) is contradictory. However, residual confounding tends to bias the results...
BACKGROUND
In observational studies, the relationship between coffee intake and bone mineral density (BMD) is contradictory. However, residual confounding tends to bias the results of these studies. Therefore, we used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to further investigate the potential causal relationship between the two.
METHODS
Genetic instrumental variables (IVs) associated with coffee intake were derived from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) in 428,860 British individuals and matched using phenotypes in PhenoScanner. Summarized data on BMD were obtained from 537,750 participants, including total body BMD (TB-BMD), TB-BMD in five age brackets ≥60, 45-60, 30-45, 15-30, and 0-15 years, and BMD in four body sites: the lumbar spine, the femoral neck, the heel, and the ultradistal forearm. We used inverse variance weighting (IVW) methods as the primary analytical method for causal inference. In addition, several sensitivity analyses (MR-Egger, Weighted median, MR-PRESSO, Cochran's Q test, and Leave-one-out test) were used to test the robustness of the results.
RESULTS
After Bonferroni correction, Coffee intake has a potential positive correlation with total body BMD (effect estimate [Beta]: 0.198, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 0.05-0.35, =0.008). In subgroup analyses, coffee intake was potentially positively associated with TB-BMD (45-60, 30-45 years) (Beta: 0.408, 95% Cl: 0.12-0.69, =0.005; Beta: 0.486, 95% Cl: 0.12-0.85, =0.010). In addition, a significant positive correlation with heel BMD was also observed (Beta: 0.173, 95% Cl: 0.08-0.27, =0.002). The results of the sensitivity analysis were generally consistent.
CONCLUSION
The results of the present study provide genetic evidence for the idea that coffee intake is beneficial for bone density. Further studies are needed to reveal the biological mechanisms and offer solid support for clinical guidelines on osteoporosis prevention.
Topics: Humans; Bone Density; Coffee; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Femur Neck
PubMed: 38572474
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1328748 -
European Journal of Sport Science May 2023The aim of this study is to determine if bone mineral density (BMD) and bone asymmetry differs between female cricket fast bowlers, spin bowlers and batters. BMD was...
The aim of this study is to determine if bone mineral density (BMD) and bone asymmetry differs between female cricket fast bowlers, spin bowlers and batters. BMD was determined at the total body, lumbar spine, and proximal femurs in 12 fast bowlers, 13 batters and 11 spin bowlers from pre-season DXA scans. High Z-scores at the total body, lumbar spine, and proximal femur were observed in all cricketers (mean Z-scores: +1.4 to +3.3) compared with a general age matched reference population. Fast bowlers had significantly greater BMD on the contralateral side of the lumbar spine compared with the ipsilateral side ( = 0.001, 5.9-12.1%). No asymmetry was found between hips in all groups. All cricket positions demonstrated high BMD at all measured sites. The lumbar spine of fast bowlers is asymmetric, with significantly greater BMD on the contralateral side of the spine, particularly at L4, possibly in response to the asymmetric lumbar loading patterns observed in bowling.Elite female cricketers demonstrate high BMD at total body, lumbar spine and proximal femur sites, regardless of playing position compared with a general age and ethnic group matched reference population.Fast bowlers have greater BMD on the contralateral (opposite bowling arm) side of the lumbar spine compared with the ipsilateral side, while a symmetrical pattern was observed in spin bowlers and batters.No asymmetry in BMD or section modulus between hips was observed at any proximal femur site for any cricket position.
Topics: Humans; Female; Bone Density; Sports; Bone and Bones; Absorptiometry, Photon; Lumbosacral Region
PubMed: 35414351
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2065929 -
The Western Journal of Medicine Jan 1991Osteoporosis is a common age-related disorder manifested clinically by skeletal fractures, especially fractures of the vertebrae, hip, and distal forearm. The major... (Review)
Review
Osteoporosis is a common age-related disorder manifested clinically by skeletal fractures, especially fractures of the vertebrae, hip, and distal forearm. The major cause of these fractures is low bone mass, although an increase in trauma due to falls in the elderly also contributes. There are multiple causes for the low bone mass which, in any given individual, may contribute differently to the development of the osteopenia. The most important groups of causes are failure to achieve adequate peak bone mass, slow bone loss due to processes relating to aging, the menopause in women, and a variety of sporadic behavioral, nutritional, and environmental factors that affect bone mass in some but not in other individuals. The most important approach is prevention. Drugs and behavioral factors known to cause bone loss should be eliminated and perimenopausal women should be evaluated for possible preventive administration of estrogen. For patients with fractures due to established osteoporosis, the only drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration are the antiresorptive agents calcium, estrogen, and calcitonin. Formation-stimulating regimens, however, are being developed and may be available for clinical use in the foreseeable future. These regimens may be capable of increasing bone mass to above the fracture threshold, thereby resulting in a clinical cure of the osteoporosis.
Topics: Age Factors; Bone Density; Female; Humans; Male; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Risk Factors
PubMed: 2024511
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal... Mar 2021Osteoporosis is a long-term consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI) that leads to a high risk of fragility fractures. The fracture rate in people with SCI is twice that... (Review)
Review
Osteoporosis is a long-term consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI) that leads to a high risk of fragility fractures. The fracture rate in people with SCI is twice that of the general population. At least 50% of these fractures are associated with clinical complications such as infections. This review article presents key features of osteoporosis after SCI, starting with its aetiology, a description of temporal and spatial changes in the long bones and the subsequent fragility fractures. It then describes the physical and pharmacological approaches that have been used to attenuate the bone loss. Bone loss after SCI has been found to be highly site-specific and characterised by large inter-variability and site-specific changes. The assessment of the available interventions is limited by the quality of the studies and the lack of information on their effect on fractures, but this evaluation suggests that current approaches do not appear to be effective. More studies are required to identify factors influencing rate and magnitude of bone loss following SCI. In addition, it is important to test these interventions at the sites that are most prone to fracture, using detailed imaging techniques, and to associate bone changes with fracture risk. In summary, bone loss following SCI presents a substantial clinical problem. Identification of at-risk individuals and development of more effective interventions are urgently required to reduce this burden.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Resorption; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Osteoporosis; Spinal Cord Injuries
PubMed: 33657753
DOI: No ID Found -
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Nov 2012This article reviews the recent literature regarding bone health as it relates to the patient living with neuromuscular disease (NMD). Studies defining the scope of... (Review)
Review
This article reviews the recent literature regarding bone health as it relates to the patient living with neuromuscular disease (NMD). Studies defining the scope of bone-related disease in NMD are scant. The available evidence is discussed, focusing on abnormal calcium metabolism, increased fracture risk, and the prevalence of both scoliosis and hypovitaminosis D in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinal muscular atrophy. Future directions are discussed, including the urgent need for studies both to determine the nature and extent of poor bone health, and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of available osteoporosis treatments in patients with NMD.
Topics: Bone Density; Bone Development; Bone and Bones; Calcium; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Motor Activity; Neuromuscular Diseases; Risk Assessment; Scoliosis; Vitamin D
PubMed: 23137737
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2012.08.005 -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Jun 2009Studies of the epidemiology of osteoporosis and of drug treatments for it have challenged the concept that denser bone means stronger bone. Bone strength or resistance... (Review)
Review
Studies of the epidemiology of osteoporosis and of drug treatments for it have challenged the concept that denser bone means stronger bone. Bone strength or resistance to fracture is not easily measured by routine densitometry, being a function of both density and quality.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone and Bones; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Osteoporosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 19487553
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.76a.08041 -
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related... Aug 2011Bone strength depends on both bone quantity and quality. The former is routinely estimated in clinical settings through bone mineral density measurements but not the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bone strength depends on both bone quantity and quality. The former is routinely estimated in clinical settings through bone mineral density measurements but not the latter. Bone quality encompasses the structural and material properties of bone. Although its importance is appreciated, its contribution in determining bone strength has been difficult to precisely quantify partly because it is multifactorial and requires investigation of all bone hierarchical levels. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provides one way to explore these levels.
QUESTIONS/PURPOSES
The purposes of our review were to (1) provide a brief overview of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a way to establish bone quality, (2) review the major bone material parameters determined from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and (3) review the role of Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopic analysis in establishing bone quality.
METHODS
We used the ISI Web of Knowledge database initially to identify articles containing the Boolean term "infrared" AND "bone." We then focused on articles on infrared spectroscopy in bone-related journals.
RESULTS
Infrared spectroscopy provides information on bone material properties. Their microspectroscopic versions allow one to establish these properties as a function of anatomic location, mineralization extent, and bone metabolic activity. It provides answers pertaining to the contribution of mineral to matrix ratio, mineral maturity, mineral carbonate substitution, and collagen crosslinks to bone strength. Alterations of bone material properties have been identified in disease (especially osteoporosis) not attainable by other techniques.
CONCLUSIONS
Infrared spectroscopic analysis is a powerful tool for establishing the important material properties contributing to bone strength and thus has helped better understand changes in fragile bone.
Topics: Bone Density; Bone and Bones; Collagen; Humans; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 21210314
DOI: 10.1007/s11999-010-1751-4 -
Current Osteoporosis Reports Apr 2021This paper reviews how bone genetics has contributed to our understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. As well as identifying specific genetic mechanisms... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This paper reviews how bone genetics has contributed to our understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. As well as identifying specific genetic mechanisms involved in osteoporosis which also contribute to osteoarthritis, we review whether bone mineral density (BMD) plays a causal role in OA development.
RECENT FINDINGS
We examined whether those genetically predisposed to elevated BMD are at increased risk of developing OA, using our high bone mass (HBM) cohort. HBM individuals were found to have a greater prevalence of OA compared with family controls and greater development of radiographic features of OA over 8 years, with predominantly osteophytic OA. Initial Mendelian randomisation analysis provided additional support for a causal effect of increased BMD on increased OA risk. In contrast, more recent investigation estimates this relationship to be bi-directional. However, both these findings could be explained instead by shared biological pathways. Pathways which contribute to BMD appear to play an important role in OA development, likely reflecting shared common mechanisms as opposed to a causal effect of raised BMD on OA. Studies in HBM individuals suggest this reflects an important role of mechanisms involved in bone formation in OA development; however further work is required to establish whether the same applies to more common forms of OA within the general population.
Topics: Bone Density; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Osteoarthritis
PubMed: 33538965
DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00655-1 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Bone development have been shown to play an important role in regulating hematopoiesis as one major component of bone marrow microenvironment. Recent studies support the...
Bone development have been shown to play an important role in regulating hematopoiesis as one major component of bone marrow microenvironment. Recent studies support the notion that there is an intricate relationship between hematopoiesis and bone homeostasis, however, little is known about the alterations in the hematopoietic lineages in pathologic conditions. Using various osteoporotic mouse models, we show here that bone microarchitecture abnormalities alter parameters of peripheral blood cells. The level of white blood cells is dynamics and negatively correlated with bone mineral density during the progression of osteoporosis. Furthermore, our clinical data confirm that osteoporosis is associated with abnormal circulating blood cell counts. These results demonstrated a causal link that osteoporosis is accompanied by the altered circulating blood cells, supporting the idea of a close interplay between hematopoiesis and bone homeostasis. Our study would propose that routine complete blood count might be applied as a potential diagnostic and putative marker for osteoporosis.
Topics: Animals; Blood Cells; Bone Density; Bone and Bones; Homeostasis; Mice; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 36133307
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.965290 -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Jul 2018Calcium, a key component of bone, is obtained through diet or supplements, or both, and vitamin D is necessary for normal calcium absorption. Controversy exists as to... (Review)
Review
Calcium, a key component of bone, is obtained through diet or supplements, or both, and vitamin D is necessary for normal calcium absorption. Controversy exists as to the efficacy and even the safety of calcium. Our opinion, backed by studies and guidelines, is that adequate amounts of calcium are a must for patients concerned about bone health, and cardiovascular safety is not a concern.
Topics: Bone Density; Calcium, Dietary; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Vitamin D
PubMed: 30004379
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.85a.17106